Masana kimiyya yawanci suna ba da shawara game da gwajin ƙwayoyin rigakafi bayan allurar.Amma ga wasu mutane, wannan yana da ma'ana.
Yanzu da dubun-dubatar Amurkawa ke yin rigakafin cutar ta coronavirus, mutane da yawa suna so su sani: Shin ina da isassun ƙwayoyin rigakafi don kiyaye ni?
Ga yawancin mutane, amsar eh.Wannan bai dakatar da kwararar takardu na gida ba don gwajin rigakafin mutum.Amma don samun tabbataccen amsa daga gwajin, wanda aka yi wa alurar riga kafi dole ne ya yi takamaiman nau'in gwaji a daidai lokacin.
Gwada da wuri, ko dogara ga gwajin da ke neman maganin rigakafi mara kyau-wanda ke da sauƙin yin la'akari da tsararrun gwaje-gwajen da ake samu a yau-za ku iya tunanin cewa har yanzu kuna da rauni yayin da ba ku da ɗaya.
A zahiri, masana kimiyya sun fi son cewa mutanen da aka yi wa allurar ba za su yi gwajin rigakafin kwata-kwata ba, saboda wannan ba lallai ba ne.A cikin gwaje-gwajen asibiti, maganin da aka ba da lasisin Amurka ya haifar da martani mai ƙarfi a cikin kusan duk mahalarta.
“Yawancin mutane ma bai kamata su damu da wannan ba,” in ji Akiko Iwasaki, masanin rigakafi a Jami’ar Yale.
Amma gwajin rigakafin yana da mahimmanci ga mutanen da ke da raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki ko waɗanda ke shan wasu magunguna - wannan faffadan rukunin ya haɗa da miliyoyin da ke karɓar gudummawar gabbai, masu fama da wasu cututtukan daji na jini, ko shan steroids ko wasu tsarin garkuwar jiki.Mutanen da ke da kwayoyi.Akwai ƙara shaida cewa yawancin waɗannan mutanen ba za su samar da isasshen martanin rigakafin mutum ba bayan allurar.
Idan har ana son a gwada ka, ko kuma kawai ana son a gwada ka, yin gwajin da ya dace yana da matukar muhimmanci, Dakta Iwasaki ya ce: “Na dan yi jinkirin ba da shawarar kowa ya gwada shi, domin sai dai idan da gaske ya fahimci rawar da ake takawa wajen yin gwaji. , mutane Yana iya yin kuskure a kuskure cewa ba a samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi ba."
A farkon barkewar cutar, yawancin gwaje-gwajen kasuwanci an yi niyya ne don nemo ƙwayoyin rigakafi daga furotin na coronavirus da ake kira nucleocapsid ko N, saboda waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna da yawa a cikin jini bayan kamuwa da cuta.
Amma waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi ba su da ƙarfi kamar waɗanda ake buƙata don rigakafin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma tsawon lokacinsu bai daɗe ba.Mafi mahimmanci, ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ke da sunadaran N ba su samar da su ta hanyar allurar rigakafi da Amurka ta ba da izini;maimakon haka, waɗannan alluran rigakafin suna haifar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi ga wani furotin (wanda ake kira spikes) wanda ke saman kwayar cutar.
Idan an yi wa mutanen da ba su taɓa kamuwa da maganin alurar riga kafi ba sannan a gwada su don rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta daga furotin N maimakon ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ke kan spikes, za su iya yin taurin kai.
David Lat, marubuci mai shekaru 46 a Manhattan wanda ke kwance a asibiti don Covid-19 na tsawon makonni uku a cikin Maris 2020, ya rubuta yawancin rashin lafiyarsa da murmurewa a shafin Twitter.
A cikin shekara mai zuwa, an gwada Mista Rattle don maganin rigakafi sau da yawa-misali, lokacin da ya je ganin likitan huhu ko likitan zuciya don bin diddigin, ko kuma ya ba da gudummawar jini.Matsayin rigakafin sa ya yi girma a cikin Yuni 2020, amma a hankali ya ragu a cikin watanni masu zuwa.
Rattle kwanan nan ya tuna cewa wannan raguwa "ba ta damu da ni ba.""An gaya mini cewa za su shuɗe a zahiri, amma na yi farin ciki cewa har yanzu ina da halin kirki."
Ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Maris na wannan shekara, Mista Lat ya samu cikakkiyar allurar riga-kafi.Amma gwajin rigakafin da likitan zuciyarsa ya yi a ranar 21 ga Afrilu ya kasance mai inganci.Mista Rattle ya yi mamaki: “Na yi tunanin cewa bayan wata guda na yin allurar rigakafi, ƙwayoyin rigakafi na za su fashe.”
Mista Rattle ya juya zuwa Twitter don bayani.Florian Krammer, masanin rigakafi a Makarantar Magunguna ta Icahn da ke Dutsen Sinai a New York, ya mayar da martani ta hanyar tambayar wane irin gwajin da Mista Rattle ya yi amfani da shi."A lokacin ne na ga bayanan gwajin," in ji Mista Rattle.Ya gane cewa wannan gwaji ne don ƙwayoyin rigakafin furotin N, ba ƙwayoyin rigakafi daga spikes ba.
"Da alama ta hanyar tsoho, suna ba ku kawai nucleocapsid," in ji Mista Rattle."Ban taba tunanin neman wata daban ba."
A watan Mayu na wannan shekara, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka ta ba da shawarar yin amfani da gwajin rigakafin rigakafi don tantance rigakafi - shawarar da ta jawo zargi daga wasu masana kimiyya - kuma ta ba da mahimman bayanai game da gwajin ga masu ba da lafiya.Yawancin likitoci har yanzu ba su san bambanci tsakanin gwaje-gwajen antibody ba, ko gaskiyar cewa waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna auna nau'i ɗaya ne na rigakafi ga ƙwayar cuta.
Yawancin gwaje-gwajen gaggawa da ake samu zai samar da e-a'a sakamako kuma yana iya rasa ƙananan matakan rigakafi.Wani nau'in gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje, da ake kira gwajin Elisa, na iya yin ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙididdiga na ƙwayoyin rigakafi na furotin.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a jira aƙalla makonni biyu don gwaji bayan allura na biyu na Pfizer-BioNTech ko Moderna, lokacin da matakan rigakafi zasu tashi zuwa matakin da ya isa a gano.Ga wasu mutanen da suka karɓi rigakafin Johnson & Johnson, wannan lokacin na iya ɗaukar tsawon makonni huɗu.
"Wannan shi ne lokaci, antigen da hankali na gwajin-waɗannan duka suna da mahimmanci," in ji Dokta Iwasaki.
A watan Nuwamba, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kafa matakan gwajin rigakafin don ba da damar kwatanta gwaje-gwaje daban-daban."Akwai gwaje-gwaje masu kyau da yawa yanzu," in ji Dr. Kramer."Kaɗan kaɗan, duk waɗannan masana'antun, duk waɗannan wuraren da ke tafiyar da su suna dacewa da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa."
Dokta Dorry Segev, wani likitan fiɗa kuma mai bincike a Jami’ar Johns Hopkins, ya nuna cewa ƙwayoyin rigakafi yanki ɗaya ne kawai na rigakafi: “Abubuwa da yawa suna faruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa waɗanda gwajin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta ba zai iya auna kai tsaye ba.”Jiki har yanzu yana kula da abin da ake kira rigakafi na salula, wanda shine hadadden cibiyar sadarwa na masu karewa kuma za su mayar da martani ga masu kutse.
Ya ce, duk da haka, ga mutanen da aka yi musu allurar rigakafi amma suna da raunin garkuwar jiki, yana iya zama da amfani a san cewa kariya daga kwayar cutar ba ita ce abin da ya kamata ba.Misali, majinyacin dasawa tare da matakan kariya mara kyau na iya yin amfani da sakamakon gwaji don shawo kan ma'aikaci cewa ya kamata ya ci gaba da aiki daga nesa.
Mista Rattle bai nemi wani gwaji ba.Duk da sakamakon gwajin nasa, sanin kawai cewa maganin zai iya sake ƙara ƙwayoyin rigakafinsa ya isa ya sake tabbatar masa: "Na yi imani cewa maganin yana da tasiri."
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-23-2021