COVID-19 cuta ce ta numfashi da ka iya haifar da munanan cututtuka, musamman a cikin mutanen da ke da matsalolin lafiya kamar su ciwon sukari, kiba, da hawan jini.
Ana amfani da nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu don gwada kamuwa da cuta na yanzu tare da SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus mai haifar da COVID-19).
Rukuni na farko shine gwajin sarkar polymerase (PCR), wanda kuma ake kira gwaje-gwajen bincike ko gwajin kwayoyin halitta.Waɗannan na iya taimakawa gano cutar ta COVID-19 ta hanyar gwada kwayoyin halittar coronavirus.Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) tana ɗaukar gwajin PCR azaman ma'aunin zinare don ganewar asali.
Na biyu shine gwajin antigen.Waɗannan suna taimakawa gano COVID-19 ta hanyar nemo wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da aka samu a saman ƙwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2.
Gwajin gaggawa gwajin COVID-19 ne wanda zai iya samar da sakamako cikin mintuna 15 kadan kuma baya buƙatar binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje.Waɗannan yawanci suna ɗaukar nau'in gwajin antigen.
Kodayake gwaje-gwaje masu sauri na iya ba da sakamako mai sauri, ba su da daidai kamar yadda gwajin PCR da aka bincika a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.Ci gaba da karantawa don koyo game da daidaiton gwaje-gwaje masu sauri da lokacin amfani da su maimakon gwajin PCR.
Gwajin COVID-19 mai sauri yana ba da sakamako a cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan, ba tare da buƙatar ƙwararren masani don tantance shi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ba.
Yawancin gwaje-gwaje masu sauri sune gwaje-gwajen antigen, kuma wani lokacin ana iya amfani da kalmomin biyu tare.Koyaya, CDC baya amfani da kalmar "sauri" don kwatanta gwajin antigen saboda FDA ta kuma amince da gwajin antigen na tushen dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Yayin gwajin, kai ko ƙwararren likita za ku saka swab ɗin auduga a cikin hancinku, makogwaro, ko duka biyu don tattara ƙusa da sel.Idan kun gwada inganci don COVID-19, yawanci ana amfani da samfurin ku zuwa tsiri mai canza launi.
Kodayake waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna ba da sakamako mai sauri, ba su da daidai kamar gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje saboda suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙwayar cuta a cikin samfurin ku don bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau.Gwaje-gwaje masu sauri suna da babban haɗari na ba da sakamako mara kyau na ƙarya.
Wani bita na binciken Maris 2021 ya sake nazarin sakamakon binciken 64 waɗanda suka kimanta daidaiton gwajin samfuran samfuran antigen ko gwaje-gwajen ƙwayoyin cuta.
Masu bincike sun gano cewa daidaiton gwajin ya bambanta sosai.Wannan shine bincikensu.
Ga mutanen da ke da alamun COVID-19, matsakaicin kashi 72% na gwaje-gwajen sun ba da sakamako mai kyau daidai.Tsakanin amincewar kashi 95% shine 63.7% zuwa 79%, wanda ke nufin mai binciken yana da tabbacin 95% cewa matsakaicin ya faɗi tsakanin waɗannan dabi'u biyu.
Masu bincike sun gano cewa mutanen da ba su da alamun COVID-19 sun gwada inganci daidai a cikin 58.1% na gwaje-gwaje masu sauri.Tazarar amincewa ta 95% shine 40.2% zuwa 74.1%.
Lokacin da aka yi gwajin cikin sauri a cikin makon farko na alamun cutar, ya ba da ingantaccen sakamako na COVID-19 daidai.Masu bincike sun gano cewa a cikin makon farko, matsakaicin kashi 78.3% na lokuta, gwajin saurin ya gano daidai COVID-19.
Coris Bioconcept ya zira mafi muni, daidai yana samar da ingantaccen sakamako na COVID-19 a cikin 34.1% na lokuta kawai.SD Biosensor STANDARD Q ya zira mafi girma kuma ya gano daidai sakamakon COVID-19 a cikin 88.1% na mutane.
A cikin wani binciken da aka buga a watan Afrilu 2021, masu binciken sun kwatanta daidaiton gwaje-gwajen saurin antigen guda hudu na COVID-19.Masu bincike sun gano cewa duk gwaje-gwaje guda hudu sun gano daidaitattun lokuta na COVID-19 kusan rabin lokaci, kuma an gano marasa lafiya na COVID-19 daidai kusan koyaushe.
Gwaje-gwaje masu sauri da wuya suna ba da sakamako mai inganci na ƙarya.Tabbatacce na ƙarya shine lokacin da ba a zahiri gwada inganci don COVID-19 ba.
A cikin nazarin binciken da aka ambata a cikin Maris 2021, masu binciken sun gano cewa gwajin sauri ya ba da sakamako mai kyau na COVID-19 a cikin 99.6% na mutane.
Kodayake yuwuwar samun sakamako mara kyau na ƙarya yana da girma, saurin gwajin COVID-19 yana da fa'idodi da yawa idan aka kwatanta da gwajin PCR.
Yawancin filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama, wuraren fage, wuraren shakatawa na jigo, da sauran wuraren cunkoson jama'a suna ba da saurin gwajin COVID-19 don tantance yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar.Gwaje-gwaje masu sauri ba za su gano duk shari'o'in COVID-19 ba, amma za su iya aƙalla gano wasu lokuta waɗanda ba za a yi watsi da su ba.
Idan gwajin gaggawar ku ya nuna cewa ba ku kamu da coronavirus ba amma kuna da alamun COVID-19, kuna iya samun sakamako mara kyau na ƙarya.Zai fi dacewa don tabbatar da mummunan sakamakon ku tare da ingantaccen gwajin PCR.
Gwajin PCR yawanci sun fi daidai fiye da gwaje-gwaje masu sauri.Ba a cika yin amfani da CT scans don tantance COVID-19 ba.Ana iya amfani da gwajin antigen don gano cututtukan da suka gabata.
Gwajin covid PCR har yanzu shine ma'aunin zinare don gano COVID-19.Wani bincike a cikin Janairu 2021 ya gano cewa gwajin ƙwayar cuta ta PCR daidai ya gano COVID-19 a cikin 97.2% na lokuta.
Ba a saba amfani da CT scans don gano COVID-19 ba, amma suna iya yuwuwar gano COVID-19 ta hanyar gano matsalolin huhu.Koyaya, ba su da amfani kamar sauran gwaje-gwaje, kuma yana da wahala a kawar da sauran nau'ikan cututtukan numfashi.
Irin wannan binciken a cikin Janairu 2021 ya gano cewa CT scans daidai ya gano tabbataccen shari'o'in COVID-19 91.9% na lokaci, amma kawai 25.1% na lokacin daidai ya gano cutar COVID-19 mara kyau.
Gwajin rigakafin mutum yana neman sunadaran da tsarin garkuwar jikin ku ke samarwa, wanda ake kira antibodies, waɗanda ke nuna cututtukan coronavirus da suka gabata.Musamman, suna neman ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ake kira IgM da IgG.Gwajin antibody ba zai iya tantance cututtukan coronavirus na yanzu ba.
Binciken na Janairu 2021 ya gano cewa gwajin IgM da IgG daidai yake da kasancewar waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi a cikin 84.5% da 91.6% na lokuta, bi da bi.
Idan kuna tunanin kuna da COVID-19, ya kamata ku ware kanku daga wasu da wuri-wuri.CDC ta ci gaba da ba da shawarar keɓewa na tsawon kwanaki 14, sai dai idan an yi muku cikakken rigakafin cutar ta coronavirus ko kuma kun gwada ingancin COVID-19 a cikin watanni 3 da suka gabata.
Koyaya, idan sakamakon gwajin ku ba ya da kyau a kan ko bayan kwana na 5, sashen kula da lafiyar jama'a na gida na iya ba da shawarar a keɓe ku na kwanaki 10 ko keɓe na tsawon kwanaki 7.
Nazarin ya nuna cewa saurin gwajin COVID-19 ya fi dacewa a cikin makon farko bayan bayyanar cututtuka.
Tare da gwaji mai sauri, haɗarin samun sakamako mara kyau na ƙarya yana da girma.Ga mutanen da ke da alamun cutar, akwai kusan kashi 25% na damar samun mummunan rauni.Ga mutanen da ba su da alamun cutar, haɗarin yana kusan 40%.A gefe guda, ƙimar tabbataccen ƙarya da aka bayar ta hanyar gwaji mai sauri bai wuce 1%.
Gwajin COVID-19 mai sauri na iya zama gwajin farko mai amfani don tantance ko kuna da coronavirus da ke haifar da COVID-19.Duk da haka, idan kuna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka kuma sakamakon gwajin ku na gaggawa ba shi da kyau, yana da kyau a tabbatar da sakamakonku tare da gwajin PCR.
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Lokacin aikawa: Juni-21-2021