Sama da shekara guda kenan da sabon coronavirus ya bayyana a rayuwarmu, amma har yanzu akwai tambayoyi da yawa da likitoci da masana kimiyya ba za su iya amsawa ba.
Daya daga cikin mahimman tambayoyin shine tsawon lokacin da za ku sami rigakafi da zarar kun warke daga kamuwa da cuta.
Wannan tambaya ce da kowa ke daure mata kai, tun daga masana kimiyya har kusan sauran kasashen duniya.Haka kuma, wadanda aka yi musu allurar farko suma suna son sanin ko suna da rigakafin kamuwa da cutar.
Gwajin antibody na iya taimakawa wajen magance wasu daga cikin waɗannan matsalolin, amma abin takaici, ba sa samar da cikakkiyar haske game da matakin rigakafi.
Duk da haka, har yanzu suna iya taimakawa, kuma likitocin dakin gwaje-gwaje, likitocin rigakafi da masu ilimin halittu za su bayyana dalla-dalla abin da kuke buƙatar sani.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan guda biyu: gwaje-gwajen da ke auna kasancewar ƙwayoyin rigakafi, da sauran gwaje-gwajen da ke kimanta yadda waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi ke yin rigakafin cutar.
Don na ƙarshe, wanda ake kira gwajin tsaka-tsaki, ana tuntuɓar maganin tare da ɓangaren coronavirus a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje don ganin yadda rigakafin cutar ke aiki da kuma yadda aka ƙi cutar.
Kodayake gwajin bai ba da cikakkiyar tabbaci ba, yana da kyau a faɗi cewa "gwajin kawar da kai kusan koyaushe yana nufin ana kiyaye ku," in ji Thomas Lorentz na ƙungiyar likitocin dakin gwaje-gwaje na Jamus.
Masanin ilimin rigakafi Carsten Watzl ya nuna cewa gwajin neutralization ya fi daidai.Amma bincike ya nuna cewa akwai alaƙa tsakanin adadin ƙwayoyin rigakafi da kuma adadin ƙwayoyin cuta na neutralizing."A takaice dai, idan ina da kwayoyin rigakafi da yawa a cikin jinina, to duk wadannan kwayoyin cutar ba su da yuwuwa su kai ga daidai sashin kwayar cutar," in ji shi.
Wannan yana nufin cewa ko da sauƙin gwajin antibody na iya ba da takamaiman matakin kariya, kodayake digirin da za su iya gaya muku yana da iyaka.
"Ba wanda zai iya gaya muku menene matakin rigakafin gaske," in ji Watzl."Kuna iya amfani da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, amma har yanzu ba mu kai matakin coronavirus ba."Don haka, ko da matakan antibody ɗinku sun yi girma, har yanzu akwai rashin tabbas.
Lorentz ya ce yayin da wannan ya bambanta da ƙasa, a yawancin sassan Turai, gwajin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta inda likitoci ke tattara jini kuma su aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincike na iya kashe kusan Yuro 18 ($ 22), yayin da gwaje-gwajen kawar da kai tsakanin Yuro 50 zuwa 90 (60) - 110 USD).
Hakanan akwai wasu gwaje-gwajen da suka dace don amfanin gida.Kuna iya ɗaukar wani jini daga yatsa ku aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincike ko jefa shi kai tsaye a kan akwatin gwaji-mai kama da saurin gwajin antigen don kamuwa da cutar coronavirus mai saurin gaske.
Koyaya, Lorenz yana ba da shawara game da yin gwajin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta da kanku.Kayan gwajin, sannan ku aika samfurin jinin ku zuwa gare shi, wanda farashinsa ya kai $70.
Uku suna da ban sha'awa musamman.Saurin amsawar jikin ɗan adam ga ƙwayoyin cuta shine IgA da IgM rigakafi.Suna yin sauri da sauri, amma matakan su a cikin jini bayan kamuwa da cuta shima ya ragu da sauri fiye da rukuni na uku na rigakafi.
Waɗannan su ne ƙwayoyin rigakafi na IgG, waɗanda aka kirkira ta “kwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya”, wasu daga cikinsu na iya zama cikin jiki na dogon lokaci kuma su tuna cewa cutar Sars-CoV-2 ita ce maƙiyi.
"Wadanda har yanzu suna da waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya za su iya samar da sababbin ƙwayoyin rigakafi da sauri lokacin da ake bukata," in ji Watzl.
Jiki baya samar da rigakafin IgG har sai ƴan kwanaki bayan kamuwa da cuta.Don haka, idan ka gwada irin wannan nau'in maganin rigakafi kamar yadda aka saba, masana sun ce dole ne a jira akalla makonni biyu bayan kamuwa da cuta.
A lokaci guda, alal misali, idan gwajin yana son sanin ko ƙwayoyin rigakafi na IgM suna nan, yana iya zama mara kyau ko da 'yan makonni bayan kamuwa da cuta.
Lorenz ya ce "A yayin barkewar cutar sankara, gwajin rigakafin IgA da IgM bai yi nasara ba."
Wannan ba lallai ba ne yana nufin cewa ba a kiyaye ku da ƙwayar cuta ba.Marcus Planning, masanin ilimin halittar dan kasar Jamus a Asibitin Jami'ar Freiburg, ya ce: "Mun ga mutanen da ke dauke da cututtuka masu sauki kuma matakan rigakafin jikinsu ya ragu da sauri."
Wannan kuma yana nufin cewa gwajin antibody ɗin su zai zama mara kyau nan ba da jimawa ba - amma saboda ƙwayoyin T, har yanzu suna iya samun ƙayyadaddun kariya, wanda shine wata hanyar da jikinmu ke yaƙi da cututtuka.
Ba za su yi tsalle kan kwayar cutar ba don hana su docking akan sel ɗin ku, amma za su lalata ƙwayoyin da ƙwayar cuta ta kai hari, yana mai da su muhimmin sashi na martanin rigakafin ku.
Ya ce hakan na iya zama saboda bayan kamuwa da cutar, kuna da rigakafi mai ƙarfi na T cell, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa ba ku da cutar ko kaɗan, duk da ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta ko babu.
A ka’ida, duk wanda ke son yin gwajin kwayoyin halittar T zai iya yin gwajin jini bisa ga inda yake, domin likitocin dakin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban suna ba da gwajin kwayar halittar T.
Tambayar 'yanci da 'yanci kuma ya dogara da inda kuke.Akwai wurare da yawa da ke ba duk wanda ya yi kwangilar COVID-19 a cikin watanni shida da suka gabata daidai da haƙƙin wanda aka yi wa cikakken rigakafin.Koyaya, ingantaccen gwajin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta bai isa ba.
"Ya zuwa yanzu, hanya daya tilo don tabbatar da lokacin kamuwa da cuta shine ingantaccen gwajin PCR," in ji Watzl.Wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne a yi gwajin aƙalla kwanaki 28 kuma bai wuce watanni shida ba.
Watzl ya ce wannan yana da ma'ana musamman ga mutanen da ke da raunin rigakafi ko kuma suna shan magungunan rigakafi."Tare da su, zaku iya ganin girman matakin antibody bayan allurar na biyu."Ga kowa-ko allurar rigakafi ko murmurewa-Watzl ya yi imanin muhimmancin "iyakantacce."
Lorenz ya ce duk wanda ke son kimanta kariyar rigakafi daga coronavirus ya kamata ya zaɓi gwajin kawar da kai.
Ya ce ba zai iya tunanin kowane lokaci mai sauƙi gwajin rigakafin mutum zai yi ma'ana ba, sai dai kawai kuna son sanin ko kuna kamuwa da cutar.
Da fatan za a danna don karanta rubutun bayanan da muka rubuta daidai da Dokar Kariya ta Keɓaɓɓu na 6698, kuma sami bayanai game da kukis ɗin da aka yi amfani da su akan gidan yanar gizon mu daidai da dokokin da suka dace.
6698: 351 hanyoyi
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-23-2021